「〜前に」and「〜後で」describe the order of two actions. 【〜前に (before)】 Structure: verb dictionary form / noun ＋ の ＋ 前に ✅ Neru mae ni, ha wo migakimasu. (Before going to bed, I brush my teeth.) ✅ Shokuji no mae ni, te wo araimasu. (Before the meal, I wash my hands.) 【〜後で (after)】 Structure: verb た-form / noun ＋ の ＋ 後で ✅ Shawā wo abita ato de, gohan wo tabemasu. (After showering, I eat.) ✅ Jugyō no ato de, toshokan ni ikimasu. (After class, I go to the library.) ⚠️ Key: 前に uses dictionary form (not yet done); 後で uses た-form (completed)